Changing Export Shares
Back in 2018, China’s export picture looked very different. Around 20% of its merchandise exports were going to the United States. The European Union was taking about 15 to 16%, while Asian countries received close to 12 to 13%.
Other regions like Africa and Latin America had only a small share of Chinese goods.
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The Big Shift by 2025
By 2025, China has reduced its exports to the US by almost 40% compared to earlier levels. Exports to the EU have also been cut slightly. But at the same time, China has increased its exports to Asian countries, Africa, and Latin America. In many of these regions, the export share has jumped by 10, 15, or even 20%. This shows a clear plan to avoid depending too much on one market.
Growth in Global Trade
Despite these changes, China’s total exports have continued to grow strongly. India’s exports have also been moving up at a steady pace.
On the other hand, many developed countries have not shown the same kind of export growth. This indicates that countries like China and India are adapting better to new global trade realities.
Self Reliance as a Strategy
In recent years, India has also started focusing on the idea of self-reliance, or “Atmanirbhar Bharat.” This is important in a world where more and more countries are raising tariffs and building trade barriers. Relying too heavily on exports can be risky, so building local strength is a safer path for the future.
India’s Key Challenge
One of India’s major issues is its dependence on energy imports. While exports are important, the large share of energy imports creates pressure on the economy. Still, the fact that India is not fully dependent on any one country for its exports is a good sign for reducing risks.
A Lesson from China
China’s move to diversify its exports is a lesson for India. Putting too much focus on one country can create big risks. By spreading trade across many regions, a country can protect itself from sudden policy changes or tariffs. For India, the goal should be to balance self-reliance with smart global trade in order to keep the economy safe and growing.
